1931年“美麦借款”的过程及作用研究

The process and effect on "American wheat loan" in 1931

1931年夏江淮河汉同时泛滥,酿成百年来最大水患,被水区域达16个省份,面积近7万平方英里,受灾人口达2500万人,受灾耕地面积合1450万英亩,夏季作物实际完全受损在调查的131县中占83%,一些地区秋冬作物播种无望。南京国民政府应对这一局面,着手发行国债以图赈济灾民,另准备从东三省购运粮食运往灾区,但未能成行。最后经中央经济会议决定与美政府签订合同购买美白麦45万吨,合同规定从1931年9月至1932年3月,分两期分批运华。美麦在国民政府制定的急赈、农赈和工赈中具体发挥怎样的作用,值得探讨。

The Jiang Huai He Han Rivers flooded at the same time in the summer of 1931, causing the biggest flood in the past century. 16 provinces were flooded, covering an area of nearly 70 thousand square miles, 25 million people were affected, 14.5 million acres of arable land were destroyed, 83% of the 131 counties surveyed whose crops were nearly totally ruined. In order to solve the crisis, the Nanjing national government issued national debt to relieve the refugees, and planned to ship food to disaster areas from the northeast in vain. The central economic conference decided to buy 450 thousand tons of white wheat, and signed a contract with the U.S. government, stipulating the shipment to China from September 1931 to March 1932 in two batches. This paper analyzed the roles of American wheat in the emergency relief, agricultural relief, and work relief.