何以并列?——跨语言视角下的汉语并列难题

Strategies of coordination from a cross-linguistic perspective

本文从跨语言的角度讨论并列的语言类型图谱以及并列连接件的语类选择限制模式。Stassen(2000)根据是否区分并列/伴随两种策略而将世界语言分为AND型与WITH型,认为汉语是纯正WITH型语言。本文分析"和"的语言事实后指出,汉语并非纯正WITH型语言。Payne(1985)、Haspelmath(2004)等分别刻画了并列连接件语类选择限制的类型模式,但本文考察后发现这些模式均无法很好地应用于汉语的语言事实。本文还探讨了生成句法理论中的连接件投射难题。"和"在主语位置上应分析为介词而在宾语位置上表现为并列连词,而不论它是何种身份,其最大投射的范畴问题都会给当前的生成句法理论带来挑战。总之,现有的语言类型学和生成句法学对并列结构句法范畴的研究,均无法对汉语做出恰当、圆满的解释。

This paper argues that none of the existing theories on the study of the category of the coordinator can adequately account for the nature of the Chinese coordinator he‘和'. He is special from the typological point of view, as it functions as a preposition in the subject position and then behaves as a conjunction when occurring in the object position. It is shown in the paper that neither the WITHlanguage/AND-language distinction proposed by Stassen(2000) nor the c-selection restriction of coordinators from a cross-linguistic perspective can make an adequate account of he in Chinese.