学校体育运动伤害事故的特征、法律归责及风险防控措施研究——基于对58例裁判文书的荟萃分析

Characteristics,Legal Liability and Risk Prevention of School Sports Injury——Based on the Meta Analysis of 58 Civil Judgments

通过分析近年来58例学校体育运动伤害事故的司法判例发现,同场对抗类项目发生运动伤害的几率最高,运动伤害事故主要集中在初中阶段,学校存在过错以及承担赔偿的比例均高于其他责任主体。体育运动自身固有风险是中小学运动伤害事故发生的内在因素,学校运动风险防控制度不健全、场地设施缺陷、教师未尽职履责、学生运动风险防控能力不足成为伤害事故发生的外在诱因。事故责任划分适用过错责任原则,公平责任原则为事故经济损失的分担作了有益补充。提出了15项学校运动风险防控措施,包括学校体育管理5项、体育课5项、课外体育活动2项、课余体育训练与竞赛3项。

Analysis of 58 cases of sports injuries in school shows that competing events in the same field has the highest rate of incidence, and the highest probability of sports mainly happens in junior middle school and therefore the percentage of school liability is higher than the others. Sports inherent risk is the intrinsic factor of sports injuries in primary and secondary schools. The prevention and control system of school injury is not sound, sports venues and facilities are flawed, sports teachers fail to fulfill their duties, and students＇ lack of risk prevention and control abilities are the main external factors that induce the accidents. The principle of fault liability and the principle of fair liability are beneficial supplements to the economic loss of accidents. The paper puts forward 15 precaution measures including 5 for school management, 5 for PE class, 2 for extra curriculum sports activities, and 3 for sports training and competition.