减少交叉补贴的阶梯定价方式优化研究——基于天津市输配电价水平的实证分析

Research on the optimization of ladder pricing method to reduce cross-subsidy——The empirical analysis of the electricity price level in Tian Jin

推行阶梯电价政策是减少居民电价交叉补贴和实现精准补贴的主要手段和途径。本文首先根据合理性理论研究发现,普遍服务和电力消费环境成本内部化是交叉补贴合理存在的理由,也是通过阶梯定价,改善交叉补贴现状的合理性目标确定的重要依据;其次,以天津市为例进行测评,发现现有阶梯电价政策因分档电量大、分档价差小,从而对减少交叉补贴的影响程度有限;最后给出了合理性目标下的分档电量和分档价格的定价方式。研究结论与给出的定价方式对于输配电价改革下,妥善处理交叉补贴问题的政策制定具有重要启示。

The implementation of the step tariff policy is the main means and way to reduce the cross-subsidy of residential electricity price and realize the precise sub- sidy. Firstly, we draw a conclusion that the universal service and the internalization of environment cost of electricity consumption not only are justifications for the reason- able existence of cross-subsidy, but are important bases for the reasonable goal of im- proving the current situation of cross-subsidy through the ladder pricing from research on rationality theory. Then, the paper uses the data of TianJin for evaluation, and finds that the effect of reducing cross-subsidy is limited due to the large electric quantity variance and the small price-gap of tranche in the existingstep tariff policy. Lastly, we propose the pricing mode about the tranche of electric quantity and tariff under the rea- sonable target. The research conclusions and the pricing mode have important implications for the policy formulation of proper handling of cross-subsidy in the context of the re- form of transmission and distribution tariff.