颅内血管壁成像的技术基础及临床应用

Intracranial vessel wall imaging: technological principles and clinical application

颅内血管壁成像(VWI)是一种能够显示血管腔内病变的新型MR成像技术,其在脑血管病的诊断方面具有较好的应用价值。目前已有多种序列应用于VWI的采集。平扫及对比增强VWI影像能够准确地对颅内粥样斑块进行定位并评估其活动性,评估中枢神经系统性动脉炎的活动性,还可以诊断可逆性大脑血管收缩综合征、Moyamoya病、动脉夹层及颅内动脉瘤等脑血管疾病,为疾病的临床诊断和治疗提供良好的帮助。回顾整理2012年美国放射协会VWI学习组达成的VWI临床实践的专家共识,对VWI的技术基础及临床应用做一介绍。

Intracranial vessel wall imaging（VWI） is a new MR technique which can detect the lesions on the vessel wall, and it is valuable in making diagnose of cerebrovascular disease. Now many sequences are available in VWI. According to the plain and enhanced VWI, it can determine the location and activity of atherosclerotic plaque, assess the activity of CNS vasculitis, and make diagnoses of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome（RCVS）, Moyamoya disease, arterial dissection and aneurysm. VWI can provide valuable signs for diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. We reviewed and summarized the principles of intracranial VWI and consensus recommendations for clinical practice which was formed by the American Society of Neuroradiology study group of VWI, and introduced the basic technology and clinical application of VWI.