新生儿ICU早产儿母亲焦虑抑郁及影响因素分析

Anxiety and Depression of Mothers of Premature Infants in NICU and Its Influence Factors

目的了解新生儿ICU住院早产儿母亲焦虑、抑郁现况,并探讨其相关因素,为临床干预提供依据。方法采取便利抽样方法,选取2015年9月—2016年10月在我院新生儿ICU抢救存活的100例早产儿母亲作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和疾病不确定感父母量表对其进行问卷调查,采用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果新生儿ICU住院早产儿母亲的焦虑总分为(43.36±13.03)分、抑郁总分为(60.74±16.85)分;多元线性回归分析显示,早产儿母亲焦虑的主要影响因素为母亲年龄、家庭月均收入和接受信息支持(P<0.05);抑郁的主要影响因素为母婴分离时间、接受信息支持和疾病不确定感(P<0.05)。结论新生儿ICU早产儿母亲存在较高程度的焦虑、抑郁。母亲年龄越大、家庭月均收入越低、并无法接受到相关信息支持,则早产儿母亲的焦虑程度越严重。母婴分离时间越长、接受信息支持越少、疾病不确定感水平越高,则早产儿母亲的抑郁程度越严重。护理人员在临床工作中不仅要重视早产儿的抢救与护理,而且要关注其母亲的心理反应,正确评估其焦虑、抑郁情况。尽可能满足其探视早产儿的心理需求,增强母婴互动,促进角色适应,提供相关信息支持,注意信息反馈,降低疾病不确定感,以缓解不良情绪。

Objective To evaluate the influencing factors of the anxiety and depression of mothers of premature infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit（NICU）. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried and mothers with premature infants were recruited continuously by convenient method from September 2015 to October 2016. Totally 100 mothers with premature infants hospitalized in NICU were investigated with the general information questionnaire, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）, Self-Rating Depression Scale（SDS）, and the Parent’s Perception Uncertainty Scale-Family（PPUS-FM）. Results The average score of SAS was 43.36±13.03,and that of SDS 60.74±16.85. Regression analysis showed that variables of mother ’s age, financial status, and information support entered the anxiety’s regression equation（P〈0.05）; time of separation, information support, and uncertainty in illness entered the depression’s regression equation（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Mothers with premature infants hospitalized in NICU show a high level of anxiety and depression, and their age, time of separation, financial status, information support, and uncertainty in illness are significant influence factors of anxiety and depression. Therefore, in addition to nursing preterm infants, nursing staff should attach importance to their mothers’ psychological needs, help them relieve the anxiety, depression and promote their health in body and mind.