蜀学的流变及其基本特征

On Evolution and Basic Characteristics of Shu Studies

"蜀学"作为中华学术的重要组成部分,曾经经历了先秦孕育、两汉初盛、魏晋南北朝持续发展、隋唐五代异军突起、两宋高峰、元明清相对低迷、晚清民国极盛等七个发展阶段,其中又以成果较多、影响较大的先秦、两汉、两宋和晚清民国四个时期为其高潮。"蜀学"在公元前316年秦并巴蜀前一直是独立孕育,与中原学术并行发展;从秦并巴蜀以后,则经历了"染秦化""儒化"和"华化"等过程,成为中华学术文化宝库中十分亮丽的明星。在长久的历史发展过程中,"蜀学"在一定程度上保持着自身的特色,时常具有特殊的创制,对祖国文化做出了重要贡献。先秦时期的阴阳、三才、五行观之于中国哲学,汉代以下形成的"七经""十三经"之于经典体系,"道德仁义礼"学说之于中华核心价值,儒道互补、诸学共治、兼融并包、集杂为醇等治学方法之于中国学术创新,都具有重要的推动作用,时至今日也还具有重要的借鉴意义。

As an important part of Chinese academia,Shu studies went through seven stages of development,that is,the academia was bred in the pre-Qin period,with its initial prosperity in Han Dynasty,preliminary development in Wei-Jin as well as Southern and Northern Dynasties,emerging as a significant force in Sui Tang and Five Dynasties,reaching apeak in Song Dynasties,experiencing a relatively low period in Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties and reaching its heyday in the late Qing and Republican period.Among them,with more achievements and greater influence,pre-Qin period,Han Dynasty,Song Dynasties,late Qing and Republican period are four high tides.Before Qin annexed Bashu area in 316 BC,Shu studies had been bred independently and developed in parallel with the academia in Central Plains.After 316 BC,it was influenced by Qin culture,experienced the process of Confucianism and Hanization,and became a very bright star in the treasure house of Chinese academic culture.In the long course of historical development,Shu studies maintains its own characteristics to a certain extent,frequently formulating special initiatives,and has made important contributions to the culture of the motherland.When it comes to Chinese philosophy,Shu studies absorbs the theory of Yin-yang and Five Elements and the Way of Three Powers,which were produced in pre-Qin Dynasty.When it comes to classical system,Shu studies formed the Seven Classics and the Thirteen Classics after Han Dynasty.When it comes to Chinese core value,Shu studies develops the theory of＂doctrine,morality,benevolence,righteousness and manners＂.When it comes to Chinese academic innovation,Shu studie has some methods of scholarly research,such as complementation of Confucianism and Taoism,learning of various subjects,being fully inclusive and equitable,extracting essence from various factors.For the whole Chinese academia,Shu studies′ achievements mentioned above play an important role in promoting the development,having an important reference significance today.