后大众化进程中高职院校学生就业能力建设面临的挑战——基于东中部地区18所高职院校的实证调查

Challenge of Employability Construction of Students in Higher Vocational Colleges in the Process of Post-massification:Based on the Empirical Survey of the 18 Higher Vocational Colleges in the Eastern and Central Regions

高等教育的后大众化进程给高职院校学生就业能力建设带来巨大挑战。本文以东部地区的山东省和中部地区的湖北省18所高职院校为对象,对在读的11321名高职生就业能力做实证调查。结果显示:在后大众化进程中高职院校学生就业能力建设整体居中等水平,且具有显著的学校差异、专业差异和个人差异;市场因素通过加剧资源配置的结构性差异与人力资本存量的离散度引发高职院校学生就业能力建设的差异性;专业与区域经济匹配度、顶岗实习、进入企业经历等区域因素成为高职院校学生就业能力建设的决定性因素。为应对后大众化进程中高职院校学生就业能力建设面临的挑战,政府应完善资源分配制度,推动校企协同培养人才的制度化;高职院校应调整专业结构,完善人才培养模式;高职生本人则要努力加强人力资本的积累。

The post-massification＇s process of higher education brings a great challenge to the employability construction of students in higher vocational colleges. This survey involves 11,321 students＇ employability of18 higher vocational colleges of Shandong Province in the eastern region and of Hubei Province in the central region. The results are as follows. In the process of post-massification the overall employability construction of higher vocational colleges is kept at the medium level with the significant college,specialty and personal differences. The market factors cause the difference in the employability construction of students in higher vocational colleges through intensifying the structural disparity of resource allocation and the discrete degree of human capital stock. The regional factors such as the matching degree of specialty and regional economy,internship and the experiences in enterprises are the decisive ones of the employability construction. In response to these challenges,the government should perfect the resource allocation system and promote the institutionalization of colleges＇ and enterprises＇ training talents collaboratively,the higher vocational colleges should adjust the specialty structure and improve the personnel cultivating mode,and the students should strengthen the accumulation of human capitals.