鲣鱼鱼肝营养成分分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Components of Katsuwonus Pelamis Liver

对鲣鱼鱼肝的基本营养成分进行了系统的测定和评价分析。结果显示,鱼肝水分含量为(55.84±0.01)%;粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的含量(湿基)分别为(11.30±0.02)%、(30.42±0.01)%和(0.84±0.12)%;氨基酸组成中,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的41.57%,必需氨基酸评分较高,蛋氨酸和缬氨酸分别为第一限制氨基酸和第二限制氨基酸;总脂中甘油三酯、磷脂、胆固醇、游离脂肪酸的含量分别为(26.00±0.07)%、(28.30±0.21)%、(16.71±0.25)%、(12.33±0.24)%;鱼肝总脂和磷脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,总脂中含EPA5.50%、DHA33.32%,磷脂中含EPA 4.19%、DHA 40.08%;维生素A、D、E含量分别为(6.65±0.15)mg/100g、(0.89±0.12)mg/100g、(2.26±0.31)mg/100g。研究结果表明,从脂质开发利用角度考虑,鲣鱼(K.pelamis)鱼肝含有丰富多不饱和脂肪酸、磷脂、脂溶性维生素,是一种值得深入研究和开发成鱼肝油的水产原料。

The basic nutritional components of Katsuwonus pelamis liver were analyzed in the present study.The results showed that the content of moisture was （55.84 ± 0.01）%,while the contents （wet weight） of crude protein,crude fat and ash were （11.30 ± 0.02）%,（30.42 ± 0.01）%,（0.84 ±0.12）%,respectively.In the amino acid composition,the essential amino acids accounted for 41.57% of the total amino acids.Methionine and valine were the first limiting amino acids and second limiting amino acids,respectively.The contents of triglycerides,phospholipids,cholesterol,and free fatty acid in total lipids of K.pelamis liver were （26.0 ± 0.07）%,（28.30 ± 0.21）%,（16.71 ± 0.25）%,（12.33 ±0.24）%,respectively.The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the total lipids and phospholipids of fish liver were abundant.The total lipid containing 5.50% EPA and 33.32% DHA,while phospholipids containing 4.19% EPA and 40.08% DHA,respectively.Furthermore,this kind of fish liver were also rich in vitamine,especially VA,VD and VE（6.65±0.15）mg/100 g,（0.89±0.12）mg/100 g,and （2.26± 0.31）mg/100 g respectively.Overall,from the view of development and utilization of lipids,the K.pelamis liver is worthy of being developed into the aquatic raw materials of fish liver oil since it contains considerable amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids,phospholipids,lipid soluble vitamin.