19世纪60年代以来中国发生了五轮的经济社会结构转型——国际人类学与民族学联合会副主席张继焦教授访谈

On the Five Rounds of Transformation in China's Social Economic Structures since 1860s:an Interview with Prof.Zhang Jijiao,the Vice-Chairperson of International Anthropology and Ethnology Association

自19世纪60年代以来近160年间,中国经历了五轮的工业化、城市化和市场化,这也是近代以来中国经济社会结构的五轮转型。以1949年中华人民共和国成立为分界线:之前的89年时间里,发生了第一、第二轮的两个轮次转型;之后的68年时间里,发生了第三、第四的两个轮次转型;第五轮的转型正在进行之中。我们的初步结论为,中国的五轮工业化、城市化和市场化是互补和递进的,这离不开"结构遗产"的作用;中国的五轮工业化、城市化和市场化都是以政府为主,由政府、社会和市场三者共同推动的结果;中国的五轮工业化、城市化和市场化是一个由被动到主动再到积极引领全球化的过程。

During the past 160 years since 1860 s,China has undergone five rounds of industrialization,urbanization and marketization,which is also the five rounds of transformation in China＇s social economic structures in modern times.Taken 1949,the year when People＇s Republic of China was founded,as a dividing line,the former 89 years witnessed the first two rounds of transformation;the later 68 years saw the third and the fourth rounds of transformation;and the fifth round is in progress right now.The tentative conclusion can be summarized as：China＇s five rounds of industrialization,urbanization and marketization are complementarily and gradually carried on,which can＇t be done without the function of the＂structural legacy＂;the fifth round of industrialization,urbanization and marketization is led by the government,and pushed together by the government,the society and the market;the fifth round has experienced a process from passivity to activity and then to positively leading the globalization.