民族进步:梁启超民族主义思想向度探析

Progress of a Nation: Research on the Ideological Orientation of Liang Qichao's Nationalism

在梁启超的民族主义思想中,民族进步是其凝聚民族力量弘扬民族精神的向度所在。梁启超认为近代以来是一个民族之间天演竞争、弱肉强食的时代,应对民族竞争惟有推行本国民族主义与之抗争。而中国民族主义形成必须以民族进步为根本、为方向。民族进步有两个维度:一是就国家而言,提出政治制度进步要求,即仿效欧洲历史上民族国家形成过程中曾经的思想文化、政治制度现代化进程,造就民治其国、恃民立国局面。二是就人民而言,要求其素质提高,成为一代具有权利意识、参政意识、自由意识、道德意识等新知新识的"新民",而培育新民的前提同样取决于政治制度和政治文化的变革。这样,中国民族主义弘扬过程就是中华民族进步的过程。

In Liang Qichao＇s nationalism,national progress is the cohesion of national strength to carry forward the national spirit of the direction. In Liang Qichao＇s mind,modern times is that for evolution competition among the ethnic groups as well as the era of the law of the jungle. In a bid to cope with the national competition,the only way is to promote nationalism in our country to struggle with it. However,the formation of Chinese nationalism must be based on national progress and treat it as the direction. There are two dimensions of national progress： in terms of the state,the political system advancement shall be requested. We shall emulate the process of modernization of the ideological,cultural and political system in formation process of nation and state in European history,by creating the country governed and built by demos. In terms of the people,their quality shall be improved,so as to let the people become a new generation that has the right consciousness,the political participation consciousness,the free consciousness,the moral consciousness and so on. Here,we call it ＂the new people＂. The premise of cultivating new people also depends on the political system and the political and cultural changes. In this way,the Chinese nationalism is the process of promoting the progress of the Chinese nation.