论大学学术同行评议专家及其利益冲突——以西方人性理论为视角

Study on Academic Peer Reviewers and Its Conflicts of Interests:Under the Perspective of the Western Theory of Humanity

大学学术同行评议中利益冲突问题是影响同行评议公正性与客观性的重要因素。从西方人性理论看,同行评议专家具备了社会普通人、学术人和精英人的特征;在同行评议实践中,利益冲突可表现为"物质"冲突、"关系"冲突、"竞争"冲突和"认知"冲突。人性理论中"趋利避害"、"经济人"假设泛化、"学术人精神式微"等是催生利益冲突的重要因素。因此,为规避利益冲突,应以"普通人"假设指导利益冲突公开,"复杂人"假设来选择评议专家,并且着力培养评议专家的"学术人"人格。

Conflicts of interests in academic peer review activity are the important factors which influence the impartiality and objectivity of academic peer review. Academic peer reviewers have the character of ordinary people,scholars,elites under the perspective of the western theory of humanity. In peer review activity,conflicts of interests can be expressed as ＂material＂conflicts,＂relationship＂conflicts,＂competition＂conflicts and ＂cognition＂conflicts. According to the western theory of humanity,seeking advantages and avoiding disadvantages,the generalization of homo-economicus,and the decline of the spirit on homo-academicus are the important factors which cause the conflicts of interests. Therefore,in order to avoid the conflicts of interests,the assumption of the ordinary person should be used to guide the conflicts of interests to be made public,the assumption of the complicated person should be adopted to select the expert reviewers,and the idea of developing peer reviewers＇ academic personality should be highlighted.