詹姆斯·鲍德温的历史观研究——以《查理先生的布鲁斯》为例

A Study of James Baldwin's Historical Conception:——Take Blues for Mister Charlie as an example

美国非裔作家詹姆斯·鲍德温着眼于美国种族历史与社会现状,主张文学利用历史创造现在。从新历史主义批评理论角度分析其戏剧《查理先生的布鲁斯》,研究其文学中的历史与文本的互动关系,探讨历史的文本性和文本的历史性,有利于梳理鲍德温的历史观。鲍德温一方面通过设计独特的时代背景、故事情节和人物形象将美国种族历史文本化,再现暴虐的种族仇恨历史,揭示种族主义历史和白人的无知是种族仇恨的根源;另一方面,通过设计别具一格的剧本名称和与众不同的人物形象,利用文本创造历史,强调种族仇恨的受害者并非只是黑人本身,而是所有的美国人,呼吁黑人与白人像兄弟那样团结起来以摆脱种族仇恨带来的毁灭性后果。

The African American writer,James Baldw in based his writings on American racial history and the present social situation,advocated that writers should make use of history to create the present.This paper,with the guidance of New Historicism theory,studies the interaction of history and text in James Baldwin＇s writings by analyzing his play Blues for Mister Charlie,thus decoding Baldwin＇s perception of history thoroughly. Baldwin,on the one hand,designed the American racial history by creating unique historical background, plot and characters to show the history of American racial hatred,emphasizing that the racial hatred derived from the history of American racism and the ignotance of the white. On the other hand,with a special title of the play and vivid characters,he enlightened the world that the victims of racial hatred were not solely the black themselves but all the Americans,so the black and the white should unite together to get rid of the destructive and fatal consequence of racial hatred.