难以适应的集体化——皖西北农业合作化中的“闹、退社”问题研究

The Difficulty to Adapt to the Collectivization——The Study on the Withdrawing from Cooperative in Northwest of Anhui Province

1956年农业社会主义改造完成后,不少农村出现了"闹、退社"问题。本文通过对皖西北地区的研究发现,"闹、退社"现象出现的原因除了农民收入下降,还在于其难以适应社会主义改造提前结束后的乡村形势转变。文章认为,1956年社会主义改造的提前完成,使乡村在技术经验和社会心理两个方面都存在着适应困难。技术经验障碍主要表现在干部匮乏和集体生产的管理经验不足;社会心理障碍则反映在乡村的利己主义思想与集体主义原则的矛盾。而政府在"反右"形势下以"辩论斗争"的方式应对适应难题,非但未见其效,反而催生了贯穿整个乡村集体化时代的"适应性行为"。

Most rural areas have emerged the phenomenon of withdrawing from cooperative after accomplishment of socialist transformation.This paper studies the problem of withdrawing from cooperative in northwest of Anhui province.This paper states that the reason for withdrawing from cooperative is difficult to adapt to the collective.This difficulty mainly includes two aspects.Onthe one hand,it is the lack of cadres and their management experience,On the other hand,there is a contradiction between egoism and collectivism.As a result of Anti-Rightist Movement,the government solved the problem in a political way.Finally,it leads to the adaptive behavior in the era of collectivization.