马克思主义基本原理与当代中国土地所有制改革

The Basic Principles of Marxism and the Land-ownership Reform of Contemporary China

马克思主义关于生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑以及关于人与自然相互关系的基本原理,对研究分析和解决当代中国的土地改革问题,依然具有重要的指导意义。土地所有制改革是当代中国生产力发展的必然要求,但改革的方向不是实行土地私有化。中国土地所有制的改革取向有两个层面:第一个层面是所有制结构层面,要推进农村土地集体所有制向土地国有制的动态结构调整;第二个层面是所有制实现形式层面,要深化农村土地产权改革,不断创新农村土地集体所有制实现形式。

The basic principles of Marxism concerning the mutual influences between productive force and production relations,economic foundation and superstructure,man and nature are still of great guiding significance in researching,analyzing and solving the land reform of contemporary China.The reform on land ownership is an inevitable requirement as the result of the development of productive force of contemporary China,however,the direction of the reform is not to privatize the land.There are two layers in reform on the land ownership of China：one is to reform the ownership structure,that is,to advance the dynamic structure adjustment from the collective ownership of rural land to the state ownership of land;the other is concerning the forms of realizing ownership,which requires to deepen the land property reform of rural areas and innovate the forms of realizing the collective ownership of rural land.