明清时期中原地区商业交通与城乡市场等级

Commercial Traffic and Urban and Rural Commercial Grade in the Central Plains during Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清以来,中原地区的城乡格局有了进一步的发展,以开封、洛阳为中心的水陆交通体系逐渐建立,成为重要物资流通的根本保障,从根本上改变了传统"抱布贸丝"的交易模式。而随着商品在城乡中的快速流通,中原地区的城乡市场体系逐渐形成,分别是以重要物资集散和流通为主的高级市场,以出售初级产品为主的中级市场,以及作为过渡环节的初级市场。城乡交通体系是商品经济发展的结果,又促进了市场层级的形成。

The urban and rural areas in Henan Province have further developed during Ming and Qing Dynasties.A water and land traffic system centered on Kaifeng,Luoyang was gradually established,which has become the fundamental guarantee for the circulation of important materials and changed the traditional trade model ＂laber exchange＂.With the rapid circulation of goods in urban and rural areas,the urban and rural market system in Henan Province gradually formed which can be divided into three market groups.First was the senior market which distributed and circulated important materials;second was the intermediate market which mainly sold the primary products;and the third was the primary market which was a transition market.Urban and rural traffic system was the result of the development of commodity economy,which in turn promoted the formation of the market grade.