土地利用变化及林业温室气体排放核算制度与方法实证

Empirical analysis on accounting system and method of LUCF greenhouse gas emission

土地利用变化及林业(LUCF)活动是生态固碳最重要手段。研究确定LUCF温室气体排放核算制度和方法,对平衡碳排放、开展全国统一碳市场交易具有重要基础作用。在综述LUCF温室气体核算理论和方法基础上,借鉴IPCC指南和《省级温室气体清单编制指南(试行)》推荐的基本方法,构建了符合地域特色的LUCF温室气体排放核算制度和方法。采用2014年第九次国家森林资源清查数据,以全国低碳试点省陕西省为实证对象,初步核算了陕西省LUCF温室气体的净排放量,并从排放能力、排放结构和空间特征等角度揭示了陕西省LUCF温室气体的排放特征。结果显示:(1)2014年,陕西省LUCF温室气体净吸收量为1 698.42万t CO_2e,其中森林及其他木质生物质碳贮量净吸收1 852.67万t CO2e,森林转化净排放154.25万t CO_2e。(2)乔木林等优势树种,是陕西省LUCF温室气体排放中重要的固碳源(吸收源)。(3)陕南地区是重要固碳贡献区,陕北地区森林固碳能力较差。最后,针对LUCF温室气体排放核算制度和方法不够完善、森林固碳能力差异较大、区域固碳分化严重等问题,提出了健全温室气体核算制度、平衡森林资源空间分布、改善固碳树种结构等加强陕西省LUCF活动应对气候变化统计核算制度和能力建设的基本措施。

Land use change and forestry （ LUCF） activities are the most crucial means of ecological carbon sequestration. Studying theLUCF greenhouse gas emission accounting system and method have fundamental significance to the balance of carbon emissions as wellas the development of the national unified carbon market transactions. On the basis of summarizing the LUCF greenhouse gasaccounting theory and method, through the introduction of the basic methods recommended by IPCC National Greenhouse GasInventories Guidelines and Guidelines for tlie Compilation of Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories, tof the LUCF greenhouse gas emission which reflects the regional characteristics is constructed. Taking Sand using the data of Ninth National Forest Resources Inventory in 2014, this paper accounts the net LUCF gShaanxi. Then, it reveals the characteristics of LUCF greenhouse gas emission in Shaanxi from the aspects of discharge capacity,emission structure and spatial characteristics. The results showed that first, LUCF absorbed greenhouse gas in Shaanxi was 16. 984 2 Mt eCO2 in 2014 ; among them, the absorbed greenhouse gas of forest and other woody biomass carbon stock was 18. 526 7 Mt eCO2 , and the greenhouse gas emission of the forest transformation was 1. 542 5 Mt eCO2. Second, high-forest dominant tree species are importantcarbon sequestration resources in Shaanxi. Third, southern area in Shaanxi makes an importantCOntribution to carbonsequestration, but the forest carbon sequestration capacity is poor in northern area. Finally, on deficiency of LUCF greenhouse gas emission statistical accounting system and method, the huge discrepancy of forest carbonsequestration ability and the polarization of regional carbon sequestration capacity, some measures should be taken to enhance theability to respond to climate change statistical accounting system, in order to consummate LUCFgreenhouse gas emission statisticalaccounting system, to balance spatial distribution of forest resources, and to improve the structure of carbon sequestration tree species.