环境执法与刑事司法衔接中的取证资格问题

Qualification of Obtaining Evidence in Connection of Administrative Law Enforcement with Criminal Justice

"两法衔接"不畅,行政执法主体不具备刑事诉讼的取证主体资格是一个重要因素,该问题放到具体的行政执法领域具体分析就会发现更多实际难题。在环境执法与环境刑事司法衔接领域即存在以下问题:从刑事取证司法垄断的逻辑上看环境监察部门不是适格主体;从立案前取证的效力理论逻辑上看环境保护机关的取证资格亦不成立。从体制上看,要从根本上解决"两法衔接"难题有赖于打破集中式侦查权配置的格局,赋予行政执法机关以部分刑事侦查权。同时,在取证规范上也须做出修改,即所有行政执法中的取证行为都应根据刑事诉讼法的取证规范进行。

It is a key factor to the poor connection of administrative law enforcement with criminal justice that environmental enforcements are not suitable subjects of criminal obtaining evidence. If we analysis this question in the specific administrative performance,we should find more actual problems. In the environmental enforcement practice,there are such problems that environmental watchdogs are not suitable subjects whether from the theory of criminal obtaining evidence monopoly or the theory of the effectiveness of evidence found before accreditation. To radically solve those problems depends on breaking the pattern of centralized investigation power allocation,giving some part of criminal investigation powers to administrative law enforcement organs,and amending standards of obtaining evidence,that all the standards must be in keeping with criminal procedure.