头静脉颈外静脉颈横静脉汇入点的解剖学观测及临床意义

The Anatomic Observation and Clinical significance of Converging Point of Cephalic vein,External Jugular Vein and Transverse Cervical Vein

目的:通过对头静脉、颈外静脉和颈横静脉的解剖学观测,为护理操作、颈部相关临床外科手术操作和疾病的临床诊断和治疗提供解剖学形态依据。方法:对20具尸体标本头静脉、颈外静脉和颈横静脉进行观测,测量并统计相关数据。结果:对40侧头静脉、颈外静脉和颈横静脉走行及汇入点的观测,其中34侧正常,6侧头静脉越过锁骨表面,在锁骨上方距锁骨上缘(14.67±1.21)mm处与颈外静脉、颈横静脉汇合形成一合干,合干行向内下(45.83±1.94)mm后与锁骨下静脉成(31.83±1.94)°注入静脉角。另外,颈外静脉与合干成(94.50±0.84)°,头静脉与合干成(95.17±0.98)°,颈外静脉与颈横静脉成(85.00±1.41)°。结论:正确的认识头静脉、颈外静脉和颈横静脉的走行及汇入点异常情况,对于护理操作、骨外科手术、PICC、颈外静脉穿刺等具有一定的价值和指导意义。

Objective：To provide anatomical basis for nursing operation,related surgical procedures and the diagnosis and treatment of cervical diseases through the observation of cephalic vein,external jugular vein and transverse cervical vein.Methods：The converging point of cephalic vein,external jugular vein and transverse cervical vein of 20 cadaveric specimens were observed and the relevant data were measured and statistically analyzed.Results：Based on the observation of the courses and converging points of the cephalic vein,external jugular vein and transverse cervical vein on 40 sides,of which 34 sides were found normal,6 sides cephalic vein crossing the surface of the clavicle and forminga new venous trunk with external jugular vein and transverse cervical vein above the clavicle and（14.67±1.21）mm to the supraclavicular margian.After running inward and downward for（45.83±1.94）mm,the new trunk drained into the venous angle at a（31.83±1.94）degrees angle to the subclavian vein.In addition,the external jugular vein was at a（94.50±0.84）degrees angle to the new venous trunk;thecephalic vein was at a（95.17±0.98）degrees angle to the new venous trunk;and the external jugular vein was at a（85.00±1.41）degrees angle to the transverse cervide vein.Conclusion：Proper understanding of the anatomical features of converging point of cephalic vein,external jugular vein and transverse cervical vein have certain reference meaning and guiding significance for nursing operation,orthopedic surgery,PICC and puncture of external carotid vein.