2011—2015年长治市手足口病的流行病学调查

A Epidemiological Survey of Hand-foot-mouth Disease in Changzhi City From 2011 to 2015

目的:探讨长治市2011—2015年期间手足口病的流行病学特征,为预防长治市手足口病提供科学依据。方法:采用描述性流行病学研究方法对2011—2015年长治市手足口病人群、时间、地区的分布特征及变化趋势进行描述。结果:2011—2015年长治市手足口病平均发病率为10.15/万,5年间发病率呈下降趋势(χ~2=1 560.994,P=0.000)。5年间长治市手足口病病例中2岁及以下手足口病患者占所有病例的65.04%;男女性别比为1.58∶1,男性构成比由58.77%增加至62.86%,女性构成比有41.24%下降至37.14%,且不同年份男女病例构成比差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.752,P=0.002);76.39%的手足口病病例发生在夏季;长治市郊区(14.06/万)、长治县(13.65/万)、长治市城区(13.51/万)发病率居于前3位。结论:长治市手足口病发病率呈逐年下降趋势,男性发病率高于女性,病例集中在2岁及以下儿童,夏季高发,人口密集地区相对高发。

Objective：To analyze the characteristics of epidemiology characterized of hand-foot-mouth disease in Changzhi City,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the disease in Changzhi.Methods：We described the three-dimension distribution and the variation tendency of this disease with descriptive epidemiology study.The research data were from ＂National Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System＂of Changzhi Centers for Disease Control during the period of 2011—2015.Results：The average incidence of HFMD was 10.15/ten thousand in Changzhi from 2011 to 2015 and the incidence rate showed a downward trend during the period（χ~2=1 560.994,P0.001）.HFMD patients aged 2 and younger accounted for 65.04% of all cases among 5 years;The gender ratio was 1.58∶1 with male composition ratio increasing from 58.77% to 62.86% while female composition ratio decreasing from 41.24% to 37.14%.And the difference of male and female cases＇ proportion was statistically significant in different years（χ~2=16.752,P=0.002）.76.39% HFMD cases occurred in summer;The top three high incidence areas in Changzhi were the Suburban district（14.06/ten thousand）,Changzhi County（13.65/ten thousand）and the Urban district（13.51/ten thousand）.Conclusion：The incidence of HFMD was decreasing year by year in Changzhi City during the period of 2011—2015.The incidence of male was higher than that of female and the cases were concentrated in children aged 2 years and younger.The incidence of summer and densely populated areas was relatively high.