在国家和土司之间:卫所制度的变迁与转型——对鄂西南施州卫的再认识

Between State and Chieftain:Change and Transformation of Guarding Post System——Reunderstanding of Shizhou Guarding Post in Southwestern Hubei

施州卫是明廷在鄂西南少数民族地区设立的具有"军民卫"性质的卫所,对鄂西南地域社会产生了重要的历史影响。反过来,国家政局、地方社会环境、土司势力、卫所军户群体也同样影响着卫所的建置、生存状态与政治取向。在国家和土司之间施州卫经历了变迁与转型。从动态层面考察施州卫,既可以获悉明王朝的政治生态、王朝结构与卫所制度的实际运行状态,又可侧面窥视土司制度在王朝国家的实施情况与发展嬗变,解读卫所时代土家族地区的区域社会发展史。

Shizhou Guarding Post was established by the Ming Dynasty in Southwestern Hubei where ethnical minorities lived and produced a profoundhistorical influence on that region. In turn, national politics, local social environment, the forces of native chieftain, and military families group of the guarding post also influenced the structure, survival condition and political trend of the guarding post. Shizhou Guarding Post experienced change and transformation between State and Chieftain. Observing Shizhou Guarding Post from the dynamic level, we can learn the political ecology and structure of the Ming Dynasty and the operation state of guarding post system on the one hand, on the other hand, we can look at the practice and change of native chieftain system in the Ming Dynasty and explore the history of social development in the Tujia area.