消费者异质性与贸易利益的个体分配:一个文献综述

Consumer Heterogeneity and Individual Distribution of Trade Gains:A Literature Review

理解全球化和国际贸易的分配效应,一直是国际经济学家孜孜探求的中心任务之一。长期以来,国际贸易文献主要是从收入渠道讨论贸易利益在不同群体之间的分配及其具体机制,而从消费渠道讨论贸易利益个体分配效应的研究则被忽视和略显不足。基于消费者异质性,系统梳理了国际贸易文献在非同位偏好假定下构建模型的理论成果;归纳了将产品质量以及除消费者收入异质之外的其他异质维度纳入分析的国际贸易文献;总结和评述了测算个体贸易福利的经验方法,并重点分析了一阶方法和二阶方法。最后,结合中国实践,凝练了未来研究方向及其政策内涵。

Understanding the distribution effect of globalization and international trade has always been one of the central tasks of international economists.For a long time,international trade literature has discussed the distribution of trade gains among different groups as well as their specific mechanism mainly from income channel,while the study of individual distribution of trade gains is neglected and slightly inadequate from consumption channel.Based on consumer heterogeneity,this paper systematically combs the theoretical achievements of international trade literature that has constructed theoretical model under the assumption of non-homothetic preference.It sums up the international trade literature which analyzes other factors such as product quality and other heterogeneous dimensions except consumer income heterogeneity.This paper summarizes and evaluates the empirical methods of calculating the individual trade gains and emphatically analyzes the first-order method and the second-order method.Finally,combined with the practice in China,this paper explores the potential direction and its policy connotation for future research.