中国农村土地流转政策概念、分类及演进特征——基于政策文本的量化分析

Policy Concept,Classification and Evolution characteristics of China Rural Land Circulation:A Quantitative Analysis Based on Policy Documents

农村土地流转是盘活农村土地资产的重要环节。基于中国自改革开放以来农村土地流转政策文本,对中国农村土地流转政策进行分类研究。通过量化分析,得到中国农村土地流转政策的演进特征,具体表现为:(1)农村土地流转由农户自发转向国家政策积极引导,农村土地流转程序日益规范;(2)农村土地流转政策始终强调稳定的土地承包关系、土地所有权和土地的农业用途不变、保护农民权益以及依法自愿有偿的原则;(3)农村土地权利体系日益明确,逐步实现土地所有权、土地承包权、土地承包经营权三权分置;(4)农村土地流转政策与农村、农业发展和农民增收联系日益密切;(5)土地流转政策施行日益强调市场的作用,突出政府的管理和服务职能。

Rural land circulation is an important part of revitalizing rural land assets. Based on the policy in rural land circulation implemented after reform and opening-up in China,this paper classifies the rural land circulation policy in China. Then the evolution characteristics of rural land circulation policy in China we get through the quantitative analysis are as follows：（ 1） Rural land circulation experiences a shift from farmers spontaneously to national policy to guide actively,and procedures increasingly standardized;（ 2） The rural land circulation policy has always emphasized stable land contracting,constant land ownership and land use for agriculture and the protection of farmers’ rights and interests. Also it stresses procedures are legal and farmers are voluntary and get a pay;（ 3）rural land circulation policy are closely related with promotion of rural areas,agriculture and farmers’ well-being;（ 4） Rural land rights system has become increasingly clear;（ 5） Policy implementation in rural land circulation increasingly stresses the role of the market and highlights the government’s management and service.