畜禽养殖废弃物还田利用模式发展战略

Development Strategies for Utilization Models for Returning Livestock and Poultry Manure to the Land

本文介绍我国畜禽养殖废弃物还田利用模式发展概况,分析养殖废弃物循环利用产业发展的问题,探讨下一步的发展战略。总结发现,多年来国内外在探索畜禽养殖废弃物还田利用模式、农田适宜载畜量参数等方面取得了重要的进展,但仍然存在种养结合养分不平衡、各种处理过程养分损失大、农田合理施用粪肥原则缺失等问题。下一步的研究应该以"还田利用,环境友好"为目标,引入种养结合粪便养分管理理念,开展畜禽养殖废弃物的收集—贮存—处理—还田;开展包括优化还田安全利用技术、种养循环过程温室气体减排、农田对养殖废弃物合理消纳量定量、减少氮磷养分损失避免面源污染等方面的研究,同时在政策上引导畜禽养殖废弃物的高效资源化利用。

This paper summarizes the development of utilization models for the return of livestock and poultry manure to farmland in China. It analyzes the problems affecting the industrial development of the utilization of livestock and poultry manure recycling, and discusses development strategies for the next step in this process. In past years, important progress has been achieved in exploring uti- lization models for returning livestock and poultry manure to farmland, and in identifying suitable parameters for the farmland carrying capacity of livestock, both at home and abroad. However, problems remain such as unbalanced nutrients after combining planting and livestock systems, large nutrient losses, and a lack of reasonable principles for manure application on farmland. In the next step, studies should be based on the concept of the environmentally friendly return of manure to farmland and should introduce the concept of nutrient management after combining planting and livestock systems. Techniques should be carried out for the collection, storage, and processing of manure; for its return to farmland; for reasonable manure applications; for balancing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in order to reduce non-point source pollution; and for other aspects. In addition, policies about the efficient recycling of livestock and poultry manure should be promoted.