人性倾覆的符号矩阵——电影《驴得水》剖析

The Semiotic Square of Human Nature Overturned:An Analysis of the Film Mr Donkey

纵观近五年国内的类型片发展倾向,喜剧片可谓占据了半壁江山,但是极具深层寓意和现实影射的讽刺喜剧片屈指可数。作为讽刺喜剧片的代表作《驴得水》,一上映便备受观众青睐,其原因在于电影中每个人物都具有超越时代的典型性。格雷马斯符号矩阵理论是以"行动元模式"与"语义方阵"为主的一套有效阐释模式,将二元对立扩展为四元对立以达到更为完善的叙事分析。通过符号矩阵理论剖析电影《驴得水》,首先要确定关键"语义素",然后对人物之间的四元对立与矛盾进行深层剖析,从而形成人性与反人性的符号矩阵图,进而对比呈现出人物性格突转与人性私欲幻灭的语义方阵,揭示出人性本恶与人性的"贪、愚、弱、私",人物性格的典型性同时影射了时代症结并发人深省。

In view of the development tendency of genre film in the past five years,it may be said that comedies still occupy half of the market,but satire comedies with deep implied meaning and reflection of reality are comparatively far fewer.As a new representative satire comedy,Mr Donkey enjoyed great popularity once released,mainly because every character in the film has the typicality ahead of the age.The Greimas＇ s semiotic matrix theory is a set of effective interpretation mode,which is based on the ＂actantial model ＂ and ＂semantic square ＂,extending binary opposition to quaternary opposition.Through the semiotic square theory,in the film Mr Donkey,the key semantic parameter is decided on first,then the quaternary opposition and conflict between characters are deeply analyzed,thus forming the square graph of humanity and anti-humanity and then presenting the semantic square of the sudden change of personal character and the disillusion of selfish desire,revealing the evil human nature,the dark side of human nature—corruption,stupidity,weakness and selfishness and the typicality of characters.In addition,it reflects on the crux of the age and is thus thought-provoking.