On Advanced Control Methods toward Power Capture and Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines

This article provides a survey of recently emerged methods for wind turbine control. Multivariate control approaches to the optimization of power capture and the reduction of loads in components under time-varying turbulent wind fields have been under extensive investigation in recent years. We divide the related research activities into three categories： modeling and dynamics of wind turbines, active control of wind turbines, and passive control of wind turbines. Regarding turbine dynamics, we discuss the physical fundamentals and present the aeroelastic analysis tools. Regarding active control, we review pitch control, torque control, and yaw control strategies encompassing mathematical formulations as well as their applications toward different objectives. Our survey mostly focuses on blade pitch control, which is considered one of the key elements in facilitating load reduction while maintaining power capture performance. Regarding passive control, we review techniques such as tuned mass dampers, smart rotors, and microtabs. Possible future directions are suggested.

本文报道了风机控制领域最近才出现的一些新方法的调查研究结果。最近数年里,在时变不确定的紊乱风场中优化能量捕集效率和降低各个部件负荷的多元控制方法已经被广泛地研究。我们将相关的研究工作分为三类:风机建模和风机动力学研究、风机的主动控制和风机的被动控制。关于风机动力学研究,我们讨论了物理模型的建立,并且给出了空气弹性变形的分析工具。关于主动控制,我们审查了节距控制、扭矩控制和偏航控制等策略,包括相关的理论建立以及针对不同目的的应用情况。我们的研究主要关注风机叶片节距控制,节距控制被认为是在维持能量捕获性能的同时降低负荷的关键要素。关于被动控制,我们研究了调谐质量阻尼器、智能转子和Microtabs等技术。另外我们也提出了未来的一些研究方向。