中世纪英国维兰货币租的额度

The Amount of Money Rent Paid by the Villeins in the Medieval England

维兰的货币租是检验中世纪英国农奴负担的重要指标,包括正额租和附加租两部分。正额租由劳役租和年租金构成,相当于13世纪1头公牛的价格;附加租由任意税、继承税、进入费和其他各种杂税组成,没有上限。从时间上看,12、13世纪时,任意税、进入费等相对固定,而农产品的价格又普遍上涨,维兰获利较多,负担货币租没有问题;但是进入13、14世纪之交,因人口增长加快,土地价值上升,以进入费为主的附加租的比重加大,维兰开始变得不堪其负。

the money rent paid by the Villeins is an important indicator to test the burden of serfdom in Medieval England,including the two parts of ＂the formal rent＂ and ＂the additional rent＂. ＂the formal rent＂ is composed of ＂labor rent＂ and ＂annual rent＂,equivalent to the price sell a bull in the thirteenth Century;＂the additional rent＂ is made from ＂tallages＂、＂heriots＂,＂entry fines＂ and other kinds of Miscellaneous,in which there is no bottom line. Watching the times,in the 12,13 centuries,＂tallages＂、＂heriots＂,＂entry fines＂ etc. were relatively fixed,while the prices of agricultural products generally rose,the villeins were more profitable,there is no problem to burden the money rent;but entering the turn of the 13 th and 14 th,with the population growing,the land values also rising,the proportion of the ＂additional rent＂ which put the ＂entrance fee＂ as the main part increased,the villeins became extremely unbearable.