小组式健康教育在预防颅脑损伤患者肌肉废用性萎缩中的应用

Application of group health education on the prevention of disuse atrophy of muscle in patients with craniocerebral trauma

目的 探讨小组式健康教育对颅脑损伤患者肌肉废用性萎缩的预防效果.方法 选择2014年6月—2016年5月在唐山市工人医院住院治疗的颅脑损伤患者148例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各74例.对照组实施常规健康教育,观察组实施小组式健康教育.比较干预前后患者的神经功能、运动功能和肌力情况.结果 干预后3个月,观察组患者的神经功能缺损程度（CSS）评分（16.45±4.65）分,上肢运动功能评分（53.58±10.31）分,下肢运动功能评分（28.46±4.75）分,均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为2.646、3.015、2.699;P〈0.01）.观察组患者肌力恢复总有效率84.38%,对照组为53.97%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.783,P〈0.01）.结论 小组式健康教育较常规健康教育更能提高颅脑损伤患者肢体运动功能和肌力恢复情况,改善神经功能,有效防止肌肉废用性萎缩.

Objective To explore the effect of group health education on the prevention of disuse atrophy of muscle in patients with craniocerebral trauma.Methods From June 2014 to May 2016 at the root of craniocerebral injury patients in the treatment of 148 cases of our hospital as the research object, according to the order of admission number, were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 74 cases in each. The patients of control group were given routine health education, and the patients of observation group were given the group health education. At admission and intervention for 3 months were determined in patients with neurological function, motor function and muscle strength.Results 3 months after the intervention, the CSS score of the observation group （16.45±4.65） was significantly lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant （t=2.646,P〈0.01）. The score of upper limb motor function （53.58±10.31） and the score of lower extremity motor function （28.46±4.75） of the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant （t=3.015,2.699;P〈0.01）. The total effective rate of muscle recovery in observation group was 84.38%, and the total effective rate of muscle recovery in control group was 53.97%, there was significant difference between two groups （χ2=6.783,P〈0.01）. Conclusions Comparing with conventional health education, group health education can improve the recovery of limb motor function and muscle strength in patients with craniocerebral trauma. Meanwhile, it can effectively prevent the disuse atrophy of muscle so as to improve the quality of life of patients.