我国病房护士长工作任务频率及重要性调查研究

A study on the frequency and importance of head nurses′ task analysis in China

目的 建立我国临床护士长工作任务清单,为描述护士长工作环境,提出护士长知识、技能、能力标准提供最基本的依据.方法 利用文献法得出护士长工作任务列表,通过专家咨询后获得11个一级指标共86条工作任务.采取整群抽样的方法.对全国230名三级医院、131名二级医院、34名专科医院共395名护士长进行问卷调查,比较各工作任务、一级指标的执行频率和重要性.以Cronbach′sα系数为指标检验样本的可靠性.结果 本研究Cronbach′sα系数〉0.9,调查结果可信.395名护士长在临床实践中的工作涉及多个方面,工作任务按执行频率排在前5位的是：巡视检查日常护理工作（4.60±0.67）分,鼓励和安慰患者（4.31±0.84）分,落实消毒隔离制度（4.27±0.83）分,了解患者病情（4.20±0.93）分,病区环境（4.06±1.04）分.护士长对工作任务的重要性排在占前5位的是：落实消毒隔离、高危患者管理、药品管理、危重患者抢救和巡视检查日常护理工作.结论 保证护理质量及安全是护士长最重要、也是花费精力最多的工作内容和目标.

Objective To establish the list of head nurses′ activities in China,in order to provide basis for work environment,propose the knowledge,skill and ability standard in head nurses.Methods A list of total 86 activities in 11 dimensions of head nurses′ was assembled by literature analysis and SMEs′ consultation. Convenient sampling method was used. Through a questionnaire to 395 head nurses,the frequency and importance of the activities were compared in 230 head nurses from level three hospitals,131 head nurses from level two hospitals,and 34 head nurses from special hospitals. Cronbach′s alpha coefficient was also calculated to test the reliability of the survey.Results The Cronbach′s alpha coefficient was beyond 0.9 and the result was reliable. The work in clinical practice involved multiple aspects in 395 head nurses and the top 5 frequencies of work included daily nursing work evaluation （4.60±0.67） score,patients encouragement and reassurance （4.31±0.84）,regulations implementation of disinfection and isolation （4.27±0.83）,to know patients′ condition （4.20±0.93）,and ward environment （4.06±1.04）. The top 5 important job for head nurses were regulations implementation of disinfection and isolation,critical patient′s management,medication management,rescue of critical patients,and daily nursing work evaluation.Conclusions Among all dimensions of head nurses′ activities,＂nurse care quality and security management＂ is the most frequent activity of head nurses,which is also the most important activity.