共享经济的法律规制

Legal Regulation of the Sharing Economy

共享经济是近年来兴起的创新商业模式,鉴于其迥异于传统经济,既有规则不能完全满足其规制需求,应进行规制创新。目前,各地政府对车辆共享和房屋共享等代表性共享经济类型的规制态度分为三种:明令禁止、未明确表态和明确允许。上述差异性规制策略表明共享经济规制理念和逻辑存在分歧。按照理念—原则—方法的分析思路,法律对共享经济的规制,首先应彰显鼓励创新的理念;其次,应贯彻激励性规制、创新规制、差异性规制和公共性规制原则;再次,应采取法律关系类型化的规制策略锁定规制点。平台法律地位、劳动关系、竞争法则是共享经济规制的核心问题。共享经济对既有法律体系造成巨大冲击,其具有交易结构横向化、主体多元化、客体零散化等特征,法律规制涉及劳动法、合同法、竞争法、税法、知识产权法等诸多领域,应进行体系性规制和回应。

The sharing economy has emerged as an innovative business model in recent years.Given that it is very different from the traditional economy,existing rules are not a good fit for its regulatory requirements:innovative regulation is needed.At present,local governments have three different responses to the sharing of vehicles,dwellings and other forms of the sharing economy:explicit prohibition,sitting on the fence and explicit approval.These differential regulatory strategies show that there is some divergence over the concept and logic of regulating the sharing economy.According to the idea—principle—method analytical approach,legal regulation of the sharing economy should give priority to the idea of encouraging innovation;then,it should implement the principles of incentive regulation,innovation regulation,differential regulation and public regulation;and lastly,it should lock in regulatory points by adopting such regulatory strategies as the categorization of legal relations.The legal status of platforms,labor relations and competition law are the core issues in regulating the sharing economy,which has had a great impact upon existing legal systems:it has made transactions horizontal,diversified participants and fragmented the goods and services being shared.The sharing economy's legal regulation involves a number of fields including labor law,contract law,competition law,tax law and intellectual property law,so requires a systemic regulatory response.