“诸子出于王官”说与汉家学术话语

The Theory that "The Hundred Schools of Thought Originated with Court Officials":Scholarly Discourse in the Han Dynasty

西汉刘歆《七略》创立的"诸子出于王官"说,今见于《汉书·艺文志》。通过辨析"诸子出于王官"说与《周礼》所载王官的关系,并考察《七略》的内容,可知其为《七略》学术史观"学术出于王官"论的主要支柱。这是刘歆藉先秦典籍传承制度联系王官之学与西汉学术文化所建立的古今学术源流体系。而"诸子出于王官"说的"以经观子"批评方式,以及"融子入经"的理论意图,则是对西汉儒家经学吸收融会周秦诸子百家之历史趋势的建构性解释。"诸子出于王官"说是刘歆站在经学立场统摄诸子的理论表述,旨在强化汉朝五经官学的权威性,充分反映学术大一统下的汉家学术话语。

The theory put forward by the Western Han scholar Liu Xin in Seven Strategies(七略),that'The hundred schools originated with court officials'is preserved in the Han Shu:Yiwenzhi.An analysis of the relationship between Liu' s observation and material on court officials in the Zhou Li(The Rites of Zhou),as well as a study of the content of the Seven Strategies,shows that this theory of Liu' s provides the main backing for the claim that'scholarship originated with court officials'in the Seven Strategies.This represents Liu' s linking of the system by which the pre-Qin classics had been transmitted through learned court officials with the ancient and modern scholarly legacy established in Western Han learning.The critical method of'seeing the masters the classics,'reflected in the idea that'the hundred schools originated with court officials,'and the theoretical intent of'incorporating the masters into the classics'represent a constructive interpretation of the historical trend by which Western Han study of the Confucian classics absorbed and merged with the works of the hundred schools of thought of the Zhou and Qin dynasties.Liu' s comment is a theoretical expression,from the standpoint of classical studies,of his commanding view of the hundred schools of thought;it aimed at strengthening the authority of Han official study of the five classics.This fully reflects Han scholarly discourse under the great unity of learning.