1999年至2016年卫生部临床检验中心血液细胞形态学室间质量评价考核内容分析

External quality assessment of blood cell morphology in National Center for Clinical Laboratories from 1999 to 2016

目的通过分析卫生部临床检验中心血液细胞形态学室间质量评价（EQA）考核内容，总结EQA所涉及的细胞系统、形态类型及频次。方法使用EXCEL表格对1999年至2016年卫生部临床检验中心51次血液细胞形态学EQA的506幅图片进行回顾分析，总结每次EQA所涉及的细胞形态类型及频次。结果1999年至2016年卫生部临床检验中心血液细胞形态学EQA涉及的506幅图片中，380幅来源于外周血细胞，125幅来源于骨髓细胞，其比例为3∶1，其余1幅来源于脑脊液细胞。51次EQA结果共涉及135种细胞形态，其中37.78%的细胞形态仅出现1次。血液细胞类型中出现频次最高的是单核细胞（28次），其次是异型淋巴细胞（25次）。结论各实验室必须有针对性地学习血液细胞形态学内容，熟练掌握细胞形态学特征，特别是一些血液涂片中的基础细胞，以提高诊断的准确率。

Objective To analyze National Center for Clinical Laboratories external quality assessment （EQA） of blood cell morphology, and to summarize the cell system, morphological types and frequency of EQA. Methods EXCEL software was used to analyze retrospectively 506 pictures from National Center for Clinical Laboratories 51 times EQA of blood cell morphology from 1999 to 2016, then the type and frequency were summarized. Results Among the 506 pictures in National Center for Clinical Laboratories EQA from 1999 to 2016, 380 pictures came from peripheral blood, 125 pictures came from bone marrow, and the ratio was 3：1. The remaining one came from cerebrospinal fluid cells. In results of 51 times EQA, there were 135 kinds of cell morphology, including 37.78 % morphology once only. In blood cell types, mononuclear had the highest frequency （28 times）, then atypical lymphocyte appeared 25 times. Conclusion It is necessary for each laboratory to learn the content of blood cell morphology, and master proficiently cell morphology characteristics, especially the basic cells in blood smear for the improvement of diagnosis accuracy.