马克思哲学视域下的异化与虚无主义的关系

The Relations between Alienation and Nihilism in the View of Marx's Philosophy

异化是人和自然在资本主义条件下的非本真存在状态,也是历史得以发展的必要中介和方式。虚无主义是人类生存状况彻底异化的必然结果和意识形态表现,也是资本主义历史所无法规避的必然命运。只有在马克思哲学层面阐明其异化理论,才能理解马克思对异化以及虚无主义所作的具有"原则高度"的理论批判,那就是异化的扬弃必须由异化逻辑自身来实现,虚无主义的扬弃必须以异化的扬弃为前提条件。在此基础上,本文主张展开具有"原则低度"的现实生活批判,即符合人性地享用商品的使用价值从而恢复人与对象世界的本质关联,从劳动动物和消费动物复归生存动物和精神动物,重新界定人在宇宙中的位置。这是人类当下有限度地克服异化以及虚无主义的现实之路。

Alienation is the non existence of human beings and nature in capitalist conditions, and also the necessary medium and form of the development of history.Nihilism is the result and ideological expression of thorough alienation of human existence, and it is the inevitable fate of capitalism history.Completely clarifying Marx＇ s alienation theory at his phiIosophical level, we could then understand Marx＇ s ＂principle altitude＂ critique of alienation and nihilism which is that the sublation of alienation must be realized by the logic of alienation itself and the sublation of nihilism must be premised on the sublation of alienation.On this basis, the article proposes a kind of ＂principle minuent＂ practical life critique, which means recovering the essential correlation between human and the object world through enjoying goods＇ value in a real human way, reverting to abundant existential animals and spiritual animals from pure labor animals and consumer animals, and redet^ning human position in the whole cosmos.The proposals above are the realistic way for mankind to overcome alienation as well as nihilism.