酶解与包合技术制备水溶性花粉的比较研究

Comparative Study on Water-Soluble Pollen Produced by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Inclusion

为了探索酶解与包合技术在蜂花粉深加工中的具体作用,试验选择了多种酶制剂与环糊精制备水溶性花粉,比较了单一酶制剂、环糊精、复合酶制剂及酶制剂+环糊精复合工艺提取蜂花粉水溶性蛋白质及水溶性黄酮的效果。结果表明:利用单一酶制剂或环糊精制备水溶性花粉,水溶性蛋白质及黄酮提取率最高的为碱性蛋白酶及环糊精1∶2,水溶性蛋白质提取率分别为84.55%和84.33%,黄酮提取率分别为19.51%和18.50%。采用酶解与包合复合技术制备水溶性花粉,水溶性蛋白质提取率最高的为果胶酶+β-环糊精和纤维素酶+β-环糊精,水溶性蛋白质提取率分别为95.40%和88.91%;水溶性黄酮提取率最高的为纤维素+碱性蛋白酶和纤维素酶+β-环糊精,黄酮提取率分别为35.93%和37.86%。综合比较,采用纤维素酶+β-环糊精制备水溶性花粉能够获得较高的水溶性蛋白质提取率和黄酮提取率。由此说明,多种技术的复合使用,有助于蜂花粉深加工的进一步发展。

For comparing enzymolysis and inclusion in processing of bee pollen products, water-soluble pollen was produced by various enzymes and cyclodextrins. The effect of single enzyme, cyclodextrin, complex enzyme and enzymecyelodextrin on the extraction of water-soluble protein and flavonoids from pollen were analyzed. The result showed that the highest extraction rates of water-soluble protein and flavonoids were alkaline protease and beta cyclodextrin 1：2 in the single enzyme and eyclodextrin groups. The rates of water-soluble protein were 84.55% and 84.33% respectively, flavonoids were 19.51% and 18.50%. In the complex enzyme and enzyme-cyclodextrin groups, the highest extraction rates of water-soluble protein were pectinase-beta cyclodextrin and cellulose-beta cylodextrin, the rates of water-solu- ble protein were 95.40% and 88.91%. the highest extraction rates of water-soluble flavonoids were cellulose-alkaline protease and cellulase-beta cyclodextrin, the rates of water-soluble flavonoids were 35.93% and 37.86%. By comparison, the extraction of water-soluble pollen with cellulase- beta cyclodextrin get higher extraction rate of water-soluble protein and flavonoids. It shows that the combined use of various technologies will be helpful to the development of bee pollen process.