某铁路系统女职工生殖健康状况及影响因素分析

Reproductive health status of female workers in a railway system and possible influencing factors

目的探讨某铁路系统女职工生殖健康状况，分析其可能的影响因素。方法于2016年1至6月，采用横断面流行病学调查方法，收集年龄为17。55岁的2165名女职工，采用妇女健康调查问卷收集其职业及健康等信息，并对生殖健康状况进行分析。结果接触职业性有害因素女职工的妇科疾病患病率、月经异常率、不孕率均高于无接触者（Х^2=32．29、12．42、4．23，P〈0.05）。在不同工作形式与状态中，女职工的妇科疾病患病率、月经异常率、不良妊娠结局发生率、妊娠并发症发生率差异均有统计学意义（Х^2=17．19、23．03、200．65、21．28，P〈0.05）。在行为习惯中，女职工的妇科疾病患病率、月经异常率、妊娠并发症发生率差异均有统计学意义（Х^2=15．65、36．23、25．35，P〈0.05）。logistie回归分析结果显示，接触职业性有害因素、已婚、中级及以上职称、轮班作业、长时间坐位、长时间站立、视屏作业是妇科疾病的危险因素，且随着年龄增长，妇科疾病患病率增加；接触职业性有害因素、经常上夜班、经常熬夜、长时间坐位是月经异常的危险因素；接触职业性有害因素是不孕的危险因素；中级及以上职称是不良妊娠结局的危险因素；已婚、中级及以上职称、长时间站立、工作形式与状态流动性大是妊娠并发症的危险因素。结论接触职业性危害因素、工作形式与状态以及不良行为习惯可能会影响铁路系统女职工的生殖健康状况。

Objective To investigate the reproductive health status of female workers in a railway system and possible influencing factors. Methods From January to June, 2016, a cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was performed to collect 2 165 female workers aged 17-55 years. A women＇s health questionnaire was used to collect the data on their occupation and health, and their reproductive health status was analyzed. Results The female workers exposed to occupational hazards had significantly higher incidence rates of gynecological diseases, abnormal menstruation, and infertility than those not exposed to such hazards （Х^2=32.29, 12.42, and 4.23, respectively, all P〈0.05）. There were significant differences in the incidence rates of gynecological diseases, abnormal menstruation, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and pregnancy complications between the female workers with different working forms and states （Х^2=17.19, 23.03,200.65, and 21.28, respectively, all P〈0.05）. There were significant differences in the incidence rates of gynecological diseases, abnormal menstruation, and pregnancy complications between the female workers with different behavioral habits （Х^2=15.65, 36.23, and 25.35, respectively, all P〈0.05）. The logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to occupational hazards, married state, medium-grade professional title or above, work in shifts, sitting for a long time, standing for a long time, and video operation were risk factors for gynecological diseases, and the prevalence rate of gynecological diseases increased with age. Exposure to occupational hazards, night shifts, staying up late, and sitting for a long time were risk factors for abnormal menstruation. Exposure to occupational hazards was a risk factor for infertility. Medium-grade professional title or above was a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Married state, medium- grade professional title or above, standing for a long time, and high mobility in job form and state were risk factors for pregnancy complications. Conclusion Exposure to occupational hazards, job form and state, and unhealthy behavioral habits may affect reproductive health status in female workers in the railway system.