园林修剪枝叶人促分解过程腐解真菌的分离

Isolation of Decomposing Fungi During Artificial Promotion Compost to Branch Leaves of Garden Tree Pruning

在福建省三明市园林管理局苗圃,选用当地具有代表性的4种园林树木(天竺桂、重阳木、法国梧桐、红花紫荆)修剪下的新鲜枝叶为试材,分别设3种堆肥处理(分别喷洒0.1%碳酸氢铵、0.1%尿素、水(CK)),采用稀释平板分离法对枝叶分解过程中腐解真菌进行分离、培养和鉴定。结果从12个样品中共分离和鉴定出22个真菌类群,其中小克银汉霉属(Cunninghamella)、毛霉属(Mucor)、青霉属(Penicillium)、刺座霉属(Volutella)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、共头霉属(Syncephalastrum)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、三枝孢属(Tricladium)、锁霉属(Itersonilia)、黑灰球菌属(Bovista)、树粉孢属(Oidiodendron)为优势真菌类群;堆肥期间真菌类群季节变化明显,9—10月真菌总菌数明显增加;其中15种真菌类群分解能力存在极显著性差异,以毛霉属、葡萄孢属(Botrytis)、根霉属、黑灰球菌属、单囊霉属(Haplosporangium)真菌有较强的分解能力。

The four kinds of branch leaves of garden tree pruning （Cinnamomum japonicum,Bischofia polycarpa,Platanus orientalis and Bauhinia blakeana） which dealing with three composting treatment methods （spraying 0.1% ammonium bicarbonate,0.1% urea and water （CK）） were investigated in the nursery of garden administration bureau of Sanming city of Fujian Province.The fungal populations in different decomposition phase were determined by the dilution plate method.The results indicated that 22 groups of fungi were isolated and identified from totally twelve samples of waste branch leaves during decomposing.Among them,Cunninghamella,Mucor,Penicillium,Volutella,Aspergillus,Syncephalastrum,Rhizopus,Tricladium,Itersonilia,Bovista and Oidiodendron were the predominant fungal genera.The genera isolated from samples changed obviously with season,their quantities increased obviously in September and October.Decomposition rate of 15 fungal genera were tested indoor.The results showed that decomposing ability of fungi on branch leaves had extremely significant differences,where,Mucor,Botrytis,Rhizopus,Bovista and Haplosporangium had the higher ability to decompose branch leaves.