上海市华漕社区外来务工学校与公立学校小学生屈光状况调查

Investigation of refraction status of pupils in a migrant school and a public school in Huacao community, Shanghai City

目的了解华漕社区外来务工学校与公立学校小学生屈光状况,为防治屈光不正提供科学依据。方法通过对外来务工学校2 076名学生,公立学校1 327名学生进行视力、屈光、问卷调查,分析其屈光状况和影响因素结果外来务工学校学生视力不良率(43.74%)低于公立学校(48.83%),外来务工学校学生戴镜率(16.85%)小于公立学校(29.17%);2所学校学生视力不良率随着年级的上升而增加;外来务工学校学生正视眼率(58.50%)高于公立学校(52.41%),近视眼率(28.9%)低于公立学校(32.14%),远视眼率(12.60%)低于公立学校(15.45%)。2所学校学生远视眼率、正视眼率随年级的升高而下降,低度近视和中度近视率随年级的升高而上升。视力不良多因素非条件logistic分析提示户外活动时间长为保护因素,父母近视、每日作业时间过长、过度低头、看电视电脑距离过近为独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论华漕社区学生视力不良率偏高,应该对社区内所有学生建立视力屈光发育档案,每年定期检查,社区医生、学校老师、家长、学生一起参与才能更好地做好近视防治工作。

Objective To understand the refraction status of pupils in a migrant school and a public school in Huacao community, Shanghai City, so as to provide the evidence for ametropia prevention and control.Methods The visual acuity, refraction and questionnaire surveys were conducted among 2 076 students from a migrant school and 1 327 pupils from a public school, and the results including the refraction status and influencing factors were analyzed.Results The poor eyesight rate was 43.74% in the migrant school pupils, which was less than that（48.43%） in the public school pupils.The rate of wearing glasses was 16.85% in the migrant school pupils, which was less than that（29.17%） in the public school pupils. The poor eyesight rate of the pupils increased with the rise of the grades in the two schools. The emmetropia rate was 58.50% in the migrant school pupils, which was more than that（52.41%） in the public school pupils. The myopia rate was 28.90% in the migrant school pupils, which was less than that（32.14%） in the public school pupils. The presbyopia rate was 12.60% in the migrant school pupils, which was less than that（15.45%） in the public school pupils.The presbyopia rate and emmetropia rate of the pupils decreased with the rise of the grades in the two schools, but the low myopia rate and moderate myopia rate of the pupils increased with the rise of the grades. The multivariate non-conditional logistic analysis of poor vision showed that the longtime outdoor activity was a protective factor, but parental myopia,longtime daily homework, over bow, and close watching TV and computer were independent risk factors（P〈 0.05）.Conclusion The poor eyesight rate is relatively high in the pupils in Huacao community. Therefore, the vision refractive development files should be established in all the students in the community, and the annual inspection should be conducted. At the same time, the parents, community doctors, teachers, and students should work together to improve the myopia prevention and control.