清代徽州文会运作及其科举功能

Operation of Huizhou Literary Society and Its Imperial Examination Function in Qing Dynasty

清代徽州文会是专为读书人而设的文人组织,数量众多。就其类型而言,以血缘性的宗族文会为主体,地缘性的社区文会、合都文会也为数可观。清代徽州文会的资产主要分为田和钱两种形态,其来源有集资入股、乐输捐助及付喜庆银等其他出银形式。为保证会产增殖,文会购置并出租田地屋店,还以"打会"形式将银钱借给会员收取利息。围绕会产的管理与使用,文会制定了严格的措施并根据形势的变化不断加以调整。清代徽州文会的功能集中在科举方面,日常活动以会课为主,训练士人参加科举考试的技巧,帮助他们熟悉科举考试的环节。文会资产则主要用来奖助科考,为士人提供盘费。文会的正常运转有力地推动了清代徽州科举的兴盛。

In the Qing Dynasty,the Huizhou literary society was a literary organization specially designed for the intellectuals,who were numerous.As far as its type was concerned,it would be a considerable number of people among whom the kinship clan would be the main body,and the geographical Community Culture Association would be the same.In the Qing Dynasty,the assets of the Huizhou Cultural Association were mainly divided into two types：farmland and money.The sources of the assets were as follows：raising funds to buy shares,making donations and paying for celebrations.In order to appreciate its assets,the Huizhou literary society purchased and rented out housing and land,as well as lent the money to members and get interests in the form of ＂play＂.Around the management and use of the assets,the Huizhou literary society developed strict measures and constantly adjusted according to changes in the situation.The functions of the Huizhou literary society in the Qing Dynasty focused on the imperial examination,which started daily activities in class,trained scholars in the imperial examination skills,helped them be familiar with imperial examination,and the asset was mainly used to provide grants for their expeditions.The normal operation of the Huizhou literary society strongly promoted the prosperity of imperial examination in Huizhou in the Qing Dynasty