清末留日热的有限抑制与学业激励——留日学生监管与任用制度评析

Limited Inhibition and Academic Motivation in Surge of Studying in Japan in Late Qing Dynasty——Evaluation of Supervision and Appointment System of Chinese Students in Japan

清末,国内兴起留学日本的热潮,留学生管理工作在人员任命、机构设置、管理规程等方面经历了一个曲折的制度变迁过程。留学生选派资格管理、思想管控以及学业成绩、转学和请假等学业管理规范构成了留学生监管的主要内容。政府从留学生考核、奖励和任用等方面加强了对归国留日学生管理。清末留日学生管理由初步尝试到日趋完善,既有值得借鉴的历史经验,又有值得反思之处。

In the late Qing Dynasty,the rise of Chinese students studying in Japan upsurged.However,the management of the Chinese students in Japan experience a changing process in personnel appointment,structural establishment and management procedures.Students selecting qualification management,thought control and academic management,such as achievement,transfer and leave,constituted the main content of the supervision of Chinese students studying abroad.The government strengthened the management of the returned students from Japan through assessment,rewarding and appointment,etc.The management of Chinese students studying in Japan in the late Qing Dynasty developed from preliminary attempt to perfect management,which is worthy of reference and reflection.