上海市外来流动人口免疫状况调查及对策探讨

The Immune Status of the Floating Population in Shanghai and the Strategies Discussed

20世纪 90年代以来 ,上海市外来流动人口数量快速增长 ,该人群已成为发生免疫可预防传染病的高危人群 ,尤其是麻疹在这部分人群中时有发生 ,且大部分为儿童。 2 0 0 1年 1～ 10月在所有麻疹确诊病例中 ,外来流动人口病例 5 10例 ,与 2 0 0 0年同期相比上升了 186 5 %;同期发生麻疹爆发 34起 ,爆发病例 130例 ,均为外来流动人口。外来流动人口 ,尤其是儿童的免疫接种率较低 ,卡介苗、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗、乙型肝炎疫苗的接种率分别为 70 0 8%、6 5 2 4%、6 0 96 %、70 6 5 %和 5 3 2 7%,五种疫苗的合格接种率仅 41 0 2 %。针对上述情况 ,为了有效控制外来流动人口免疫可预防传染病的发生 ,引入免疫预防长效管理机制 ,并根据以往的工作经验 ,对外来流动人口的免疫预防策略进行了探讨。

Since 90's of the 20 th century,the floating population in Shanghai has been increasing with a quick speed. The vaccine preventable infections occurred from time to time to the floating population, especially the measles infection in floating children. In Jan～Oct 2001, 510 identified measles cases were floating population,it was 186.5% higher than the cases of 2000 in the same period.In 2001,there were 34 measles outbreaks involving 130 measles cases who were all floating population,among them the floating children especially were found having low immunization coverage rate,the rates for BCG,OPV,DPT,MV,HBV were 70.08%,65.24%,60.96%,70.65% and 53.27% respectively,the qualified coverage rate was 41.02%.In order to control vaccine-preventable infections in floating population and to apply effective administration,according to our previous experiences,this paper put forward the strategies for immunization and prevention targeting to floating population.