有机物料改良苏打盐碱土增产玉米长期试验研究

Long-term Experimental Study on Improvement of Soda Saline-alkali Soil for Maize Yield Increase with Organic Materials

连续7年盆栽试验表明,施用有机肥15、30、45、60、90 t/hm^2降低苏打盐碱土壤容重,增加土壤总孔隙度。玉米秸秆还田2、4、6 t/hm^2降低土壤容重,增加土壤总孔隙度。有机肥与秸秆还田均增大"土壤水库",降低土壤pH值,增加土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,土壤理化性质得到全面改善的同时减轻大气温室气体效应;促进玉米生长发育,增加了生物量及子粒产量。最佳处理为施用有机肥90 t/hm^2。

The results from pot experiment for continuous seven years showed that, the application of 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 t/ha of organic manure decreased the soil bulk density of soda saline-alkali soil, increased total soil porosity; the returning of maize straw of 2, 4, 6 t/ha to soil decreased soil bulk density, increased total soil porosity. Applying organic manure and returning maize straw to soil both enlarged soil reservoir, decreased the soil pH values, increased the contents of soil organic matter, soil hydrolysis N, available P and available K; at the same times as the soil physical and chemical properties were in general improved, the greenhouse gas effect was reduced; both applying organic manure and returning maize straw to soil promoted the growth and development of maize, increased the biomass and maize grain yield. The best treatment was the application of 90 t/ha of organic manure.