中国独居老年人及其养老问题分析——基于2000、2010年全国人口普查汇总数据的初步考察

An Analysis on Elderly Living alone and Their Living Problems:A Preliminary Observation based on Tabulate Data of Census in 2000 and 2010

基于第五次和第六次全国人口普查汇总数据,计算了独居老年人的分布和构成状况。研究发现:2000-2010年,我国独居老年人口总量几乎增加了一倍,2010年全国独居老年人口达到了1443万;乡村独居老年人口增量几乎占据了全国独居老年人口增量的一半,乡村独居老年人问题突出;独居老年人女性化、城市独居老年人高龄化特征显现;高龄独居老年人区域分布、乡城分布不均衡特征明显,中部和西南部地区高龄独居老年人的乡村占比更高,北部地区高龄独居老年人的城市占比更高。在对国内外独居老年人研究文献进行述评的基础上,对我国独居老年人养老问题进行了初步分析,并提出了对策建议。

Based on published tabulate data of 5th and 6th census, it is found that about 14.43 million elderly aged above 65 are living alone and the size was nearly doubled since 2000 to 2010. The elderly living alone increased more significantly in rural area than urban and town area. The percentage of female elderly living alone is higher than males. Oldest-old living alone is increasing dramatically especially in urban area. It is significantly obvious that the regional distribution and the rural-urban distribution of oldest-old living alone are not balanced.In central and southwest China the percentage of oldest-old to elderly aged above 65 is higher in rural area. In northern China the percentage of oldest-old to elderly aged above 65 is higher in urban area. The preliminary analysis on Chinese elderly living alone and its solution suggestions is made though a review and commentary on elderly living alone.