不同土层土壤容重组合对花生衰老特性及产量的影响

Effects of Soil Bulk Density of Different Soil Layers on the Characteristics of Peanut Senescence and Yield

确定花生生长所需的适宜土壤紧实度,为花生高产耕作栽培体系的建立提供理论依据。以高产花生品种青花7号为材料,采用柱栽试验,设置上层(0~20cm)土壤容重分别为1.2g/cm^3和1.3g/cm^3 2个水平,下层(21~40cm)土壤容重分别为1.3、1.4、1.5g/cm^3 3个水平,研究了不同土层土壤容重组合对花生衰老特性及产量的影响。结果表明,0~20cm土层土壤容重一致时,20~40cm土层土壤容重增加,花生叶片叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量减少,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性减小,丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,荚果产量降低;21~40cm土层土壤容重一致时,0~20cm土层土壤容重为1.3g/cm^3时花生叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD、POD活性在花生生育中后期均高于土壤容重为1.2g/cm^3处理,MDA含量则低于土壤容重1.2g/cm^3处理。说明0~20cm土层土壤容重过低和20~40cm土层土壤容重过高均易引起花生早衰,降低荚果产量,适宜的的土壤容重组合可以延缓花生衰老,提高荚果产量。

The suitable soil compaction for peanut growth was determined, which provided the theoretical basis for the establishment of high-yield peanut cultivation system. With high-yield peanut variety Qinghua7 as the material, using column-planting experiment, setting 2 levels of the soil bulk density of the upper layer （0-20 cm） as 1.2 g/cm3 and 1.3 g/cm3 , and 3 levels of the soil bulk density of the lower layer （21-40 cm） as 1.3 g/cm3 , 1.4 g/cm3 , 1.5 g/cm3 , and the effects of soil bulk densi- ty on the characteristics of peanut senescence and yield were studied with different soil layers. The re- sults showed that when soil bulk density in 0-20 cm soil layer was uniform, soil bulk density in- creased, chlorophyll content and soluble protein content decreased, while activities of superoxide dis- mutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） decreased, the content of Malondialdehyde （MDA） increased and pod yield decreased. When the soil bulk density of 21-40 cm soil layer was the same, and the soil bulk density of 0-20 cm soil layer was 1.3 g/cm3 , the content of soluble protein, SOD and POD activi- ties at the middle and late growth stages of peanut growth were higher than those treatments of the soil bulk density as 1.2 g/cm3 , and the MDA content was lower than the treatment of the soil bulk density as 1.2 g/cm3. The results showed that the much lower soil bulk density of 0-20 cm soil layer and the much higher soil bulk density of 21-40 cm soil laver could lead to premature senescence of peanutand decrease pod yield. Proper soil bulk density could delay peanut senescence and increase pod yield.