播期和种植密度对夏直播花生生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Density on Growth and Yield of Summer-planting Peanut

以山花108为供试品种,研究了不同播期和种植密度对夏直播花生生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明,播种—出苗期、出苗—开花期、开花—结荚期长短受播种期影响较大,开花下针后,播期越晚生育进程越快;随着播期的推迟,花生主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、单株结果数和出仁率均呈现下降趋势,千克果数和千克仁数则呈上升趋势,同一播期下,随密度的增加,花生主茎高、侧枝长、千克果数、千克仁数均呈现上升趋势;分枝数呈现降低趋势;6月5日、6月10、6月15日处理的花生单株结果数、花生产量随密度增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势,6月20日处理随密度增加而增加。6月5日处理的最高荚果产量和籽仁产量比6月10日、6月15日、6月20日处理分别提高3.58%、5.03%、16.88%和21.65%、27.76%、35.29%,差异达显著水平。因此,夏直播花生应抢茬早播。宜于6月10日前,不应晚于6月15日播种。播种密度为15.0~16.5万穴/hm2。

The Shanhual08 was chosen as trial material. The effects of different sowing date and planting density on the growth and yield of summer-planting peanut were studied. The results showed that the length of growth period of sowing-emergence, emergence-flowering and flowering-fruiting stage was mostly affected by the sowing date. The development process of peanut was faster after flo- rescence if the sowing date was later. Peanut main stem height, lateral branch length, total branch number, fruit number per plant and kernel rate decreased, while the fruit number per kilogram and the kernel number per kilogram were increased. Under the same sowing date, peanut main stem height, lateral branch length, fruit number per kilogram, kernel number per kilogram showed a rising trend while the number of branches showed a decreasing trend with the increase of density. The fruit number per plant, peanut yield of 5 June, 10 June, 15 June sowing treatment increased with the in- crease of density, and then decreased. 20 June sowing treatment increases with increasing density un- der this test condition. The highest pod yield and kernel yield of 5 June sowing treatment were 3.58% and 5.03%, 16.88% and 21.65%, 27.76% and 35.29% higher than those of 10 June , 15 June and20 June. So the summer-planting peanut should be sown as early as possible after wheat harvest. It should be sown better before 10 June, and avoid later than 15 June. The sowing density should be 150000- 165000 hillsiha.