极致的真实:传媒艺术的核心性美学特征与文化困境

Ultimate Reality:Core Aesthetical Features and Cultural Predicament of Media Art

传媒艺术主要包括摄影艺术、电影艺术、广播电视艺术、新媒体艺术等艺术形式,同时也包括一些经现代传媒改造了的传统艺术形式。"仿真"是鲍德里亚"仿像"观点的第三等级,指的是一种摹仿之真,彰示着传媒艺术的美学特征。传媒艺术摹仿真实的符号群本身便呈现出构成物质世界的假象,以至于艺术接受者越来越不辨"仿真"之真与现实、客观、原始、朴素之真的区别。以动态影像为基础性艺术元素的传媒艺术,由于日常化、连续性、包裹式地用动态影像这种"真实的符号"代替"真实本身",而表现出极度、极致地聚焦、呈现和张扬"现实"的美学风格,这成为传媒艺术和传统艺术在美学特征上的一个极为核心的区别。同时,传媒艺术与传统艺术在摹仿真实问题上有重要区别,如传统艺术之"意"与传媒艺术之"形"、传统艺术的距离存在与传媒艺术的距离消解。这些特征和影响背后也必然存有"仿真"这一传媒艺术美学特征背后的大众文化困境,如艺术接受者易被庸常化、被均一化、忽略对本质层面的追寻等。

Media arts mainly include photography, motion pictures, radio and television, new media, and also some conventional art forms modified by modern media. ＂Simulation＂ is the third grade of Baudrillard＇s idea of＂simulacrum＂. It refers to a reality of imitation, showing important aesthetical features of media arts. Media arts＇ imitation of real symbol groups presents illusion making the physical world so that the audience cannot distinguish the reality of ＂simulation＂ and the actual, objective, primitive, and simple reality. As they routinely, continuously use the ＂real symbols＂ of moving images to substitute for ＂the reality itself＂, the media arts with moving pictures as basic artistic elements demonstrate the aesthetical features which go to extreme to present ＂actual＂ aesthetical features, which becomes a fundamental difference between media arts and conventional arts in aesthetical features.Meanwhile, there exist important differences between media arts and conventional arts in ＂simulation＂： conventional arts focus on ＂meaning＂ while media arts focus on ＂form＂; distance exists in conventional arts while distance is dispelled in media arts. In these influences there must exist pop culture predicament behind ＂simulation＂, for instance, audience is prone to become mediocre, homogenized, and thus ignore intrinsic analysis.