中外土地开发利用管理中的政府角色比较研究

Comparative Study of Government Role in the Management of Land Development in China and Other Countries

各个国家对于土地管理的总目标都是一样的,即提高土地利用效率,使其更好地为经济社会发展服务,但是土地政策的逻辑和政府角色却有差异。文章通过中外土地制度比较研究发现:中国注重产权关系,西方注重用途管制;对土地市场的管理方式,中国政府往往采取产权控制和限制市场的方式,西方国家则更多的利用土地规划和用途管制调控土地市场;对于城市增长区域土地储备开发的方式,中国政府通过征地卖地,而西方国家则是在规划约束的条件下多方合作共同开发,政府致力于公共用途、较少盈利。西方的土地管理制度逻辑及其政府土地开发利用管理中的角色定位对于当前我国正在推行的土地制度改革具有良好的启示和借鉴意义。

All countries have the same general goals for land management - using land more efficiently and mak- ing it better serve economic and social development. However, the logic of land policies and the role of govern- ments are different. Through a comparative study of Chinese and foreign land systems, the paper found that： （ 1 ） The core content in land management is property relations in China while it is the use of controls in West- ern countries. （2） With regard to the land market management pattern, the Chinese government usually resorts to controlling property rights and limiting the market whereas Western countries use land planning and control the use of land to regulate the land market. （3） With regard to land reserve development, the Chinese govern- ment usually sells expropriated land while Western countries co - develop with private companies under the con- dition of land regulation, in which governments are committed to public use and less profits. The logic of West- ern land management systems and the role Western governments play in land development, utilization and man- agement are of great significance to the land reform which is being carried out in China.