2010—2015年中国进境植物检疫截获细菌疫情分析

Analysis of Bacteria Intercepted in China Entry Plant Quarantine during 2010 to 2015

[目的]分析近年来中国进境植物检疫截获细菌的情况,明确当前我国面临的植物病原细菌入侵的严重性及重要性,以期对今后林业检疫工作提供参考。[方法]本文按照检疫业务类型,来源国(地区),检疫性细菌情况,花卉、林木病原细菌概况对2010—2015年中国进境植物检疫截获细菌情况进行统计分析。[结果]2010—2015年,我国各口岸从水果、种苗等进境植物及植物产品中共截获细菌139种、7 736批次,分别来自70个国家(地区);截获检疫性细菌16种(其中10种可危害花卉和林木),521批次;花卉、林木病原细菌23种、835批次;肠杆菌科细菌32种、2 016批次,杨树枯萎病菌、梨火疫病菌、亚洲梨火疫病菌等重要肠杆菌科细菌未有截获。[结论]2010—2015年,进境植物检疫截获细菌的种类及次数总体呈上升趋势,检疫性细菌入侵风险增大,防范形势严峻。

[ Objective] To analyze the bacteria intercepted in China entry plant quarantine in recent years, and to make sure the importance and the severity of bacteria invading China is facing now. This paper will provide a refer- ence to forestry plant quarantine. [ Method] A statistical analysis was made on the bacteria intercepted in China en- try plant quarantine during 2010--2015 from the aspects of quarantine processes, origin country （region）, quaran- tine bacteria, and forestry related bacteria. [ Result] During the period of 2010 to 2015, China＇ s entry ports inter- cepted a total of 7736 batches of bacteria, belonging to 139 species which came from 70 countries/regions. The main hosts for these bacteria intercepted were fruits and seeds. Among the bacteria intercepted, there was 521 bat- ches of quarantine bacteria, belonging to 16 species （ 10 species of which could infect flowers and forest. ） , 835 batches of pathogenic bacteria of flowers and forest, belonging to 23 species, and 2016 batches of Enterobacteriace- ae bacteria, belonging to 32 species. No Enterobacter cancerogenus, Erwinia amylovora or Erwinia pyrifoliae were found. [ Conclusion] During the period of 2010 to 2015, both the batches and species intercepted at entry ports showed an upward trend. The risk of quarantine bacteria invasion is becoming more serious.