松墨天牛成虫行为与化学生态学研究进展

Research Progress in Adult Behavior and Chemical Ecology of Monochamus alternatus

[目的]通过对松材线虫的媒介松墨天牛的防控以达到控制松材线虫病的目的。[方法]通过查阅国内外相关文献,对松墨天牛成虫行为与化学生态学进行归纳总结。[结果]松墨天牛成虫活动范围较小,当食物短缺时会远距离迁飞。大部分成虫补充营养10 d后才开始交配,交配分为三个阶段:雌雄成虫共同受寄主植物挥发物吸引,雄虫通过短距离信息素吸引雌虫,再通过接触信息素识别雌虫。植物挥发物如α-蒎烯和乙醇等可以引起松墨天牛成虫的反应,樟子松墨天牛雄虫分泌的聚集信息素2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol能同时引诱雄虫和雌虫,使用植物挥发物与聚集信息素复配研制出的引诱剂如APF-I型引诱剂引诱松墨天牛时,效果比单独使用更加显著,是一种灵敏高效、环境友好、不易产生抗性的防治方法。视觉在松墨天牛活动中具备一定的指导作用,使其对褐色有较大的选择偏向性,当复眼被涂黑后交配成功率也相对下降。进行取食选择时,选择健康木优先于衰弱木,进行产卵选择时则相反。未交配松墨天牛对健康松枝挥发物的触角电位反应值比被害松枝挥发物的反应值大,交配后的松墨天牛触角电位反应与交配前相反。产卵后雌虫会在产卵孔分泌包含产卵忌避信息素的胶状物,防止其他雌虫在此处产卵。[结论]可以使用引诱剂防治松墨天牛,也可以应用天敌生物花绒寄甲、白僵菌和管氏肿腿蜂等防控松墨天牛。

[ Objective ] To have a control of pine wilt disease by controlling Monochamus alternatus, the vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. [ Method ] To analyze and summary the adult behaviors and ehemo-ecological character- istics of M. alternatus by literature retrieval. [ Result] The adults of M. alternatus crawl around in a small range, and they would fly far away when there is lack of food. Most adult beetles copulate after 10 days＇ nutritional supple- ments, and the copulation period can be divided into three stages. First, both male and female beetles are attracted to host plant volatiles; then the male beetles attract female beeries through releasing short-range pheromones; at last, the male beetles distinguish female beetles through contact pheromones. Plant volatiles such as ot-pinene and ethanol can trigger the behaviors of M. alternatu,~, and aggregation pheromone 2-undecyloxy-l-ethanol, that male beetles secreted, can attract both male and female beetles. When combining the former substances together, such as attractant APF-I, more beetles could be trapped. This method is sensitiveness, efficiency, less resistance, and it is environment friendly. Vision could guide the movements of beetles, and it makes beetles prefer brown than the other ties showed the opposite response. The female beetles leave jellylike secretion on the scar which contains oviposition deterrence to hamper other females lay here. [ Conclusion] Attractants can be used to control M. alternatus. The natural enemies, such as Dastarcus helophoroides （Fairmaire）, Beauveria bassiana （Balsamo） Vuillemin, and Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu, could also be used to control M. alternatus.