专利侵权损害赔偿计算分摊原则的经济分析

An Economic Analysis for Apportionment Rule in Calculating Patent Damages

分摊原则是在多部件、多专利的复杂产品背景下计算专利侵权损害赔偿数额的重要方法。选择合适的损害赔偿计算基础是适用分摊原则的起点。将最小可销售专利实施单元作为损害赔偿计算基础的缺省规则会带来赔偿不足的较高风险,并可能造成专利许可实践中交易成本的提高。选择专利产品的全部市场价值作为计算基础时,其错误风险则是中性的。用于计算分摊比例的各种经济方法均有其优缺点,必须根据个案选择适宜的具体计算方法。经验方法和数量比例法并非确定分摊比例的适当方法,应予以摒弃。

The apportionment rule is an essential tool for calculating patent damages in the setting of multicomponent and/or multi-patent complex products. The choice of a proper loyalty base is the starting point of the apportionment rule. Choosing the smallest saleable patent practicing unit as the default royalty base has more risk of under-compensation and could result in increased transaction costs in practice of patent licenses. In contrast,when the entire market value of the patented product is chosen as the royalty base,the risk of error for patent damages is neutral. Each method of identifying the appropriate apportionment has its merits and demerits,therefore it should be chosen case by case. The rule of thumb and the rule of numerical proportionality are not the right way to identify the proper apportionment and should be rejected.