论从宽处理的三种模式

Study on the Three Dispose Models of the Leniency System

规范严谨的从宽处理体系是维持认罪认罚从宽制度适用合法性的基础条件之一。解读域外代表性国家的认罪案件从宽处罚规范,可分为美国的"无限制模式"和英国、德国的"比例模式",不同模式的界分与该国认罪案件快速处理程序的多样性特点紧密相连。在对比和借鉴的基础上,我国未来改革宜建立从宽处理的混合体系模式,以配合多元化繁简分流机制的适用,满足刑事司法领域优化职权配置、减轻办案负担的迫切需要。改革方案应当适当丰富从宽处罚的内涵与类型,在科学地设计从宽比例及其限度的同时,规范检察权与审判权在刑罚从宽自由裁量方面的互动影响,突显司法审查与监督的关键作用,平衡控辩双方和被害人等主体的权利义务及其参与关系,既需调动认罪积极性又应保障刑罚威慑力。

The normative leniency regulations is one of the necessary guards for the legitimacy of leniency system on the confession and acceptance of punishment. Studying on the lenient norms of fast processing procedures from foreign representative countries,it could be divided into two different models： one is called ＂Nolimit Model＂of America,and another is called ＂Proportional Model＂of Britain and Germany. Both models are related to the diversity of systems dealing with confession cases in different countries. With the application and operation of diversified programs of divisions,China should focus on the ＂Fixed Model＂of leniency system to meet the needs of simplifying procedures and to reduce the burden of caseload. This model needs coordinating the various division systems,and while clarifying the ranges and limitations of lenient norms,highlighting the key role of judicial review and supervision,we should balance the relationship between rules and discretionary power,which is propitious to mobilize the initiative to plead guilty and guarantee the deterrent value of penalty.